Selected References

1. E. Hammerstad and O. Jensen, "Accurate Models for Microstrip Computer- Aided Design" IEEE MTT-S, International Symposium Digest, Washington D.C., May 1980, pp. 407-409
2. M. Kirschning and R. H. Jansen, "Accurate Model for Effective Dielectric Constant of Microstrip with Validity up to Millimetre-Wave Frequencies", Electronics Letters, Vol 18, No. 6, March 18th, 1982, pp. 272-273.
3. Stanislaw Rosloniec, Algorithms For Computer-Aided Design of Linear Microwave Circuits, Archtech House, 1990
4. H. A. Wheeler, "Formulas for the skin effect", Proc. IRE, Vol. 30, No. 9, September 1942, pp. 412-4124
5. E. H. Fooks and R. A. Zakarevicius, Microwave Engineering using Microstrip Circuits, Prentice-Hall, 1990
6. E. O. Hammerstad, Edited by F. Bekkadal, Microstrip Handbook, ELAB Report No. STF44 A74169, University of Trondheim, 1975.
7. Edgar J. Denlinger, "Losses of Microstrip Lines", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol MTT-28, No. 6, June 1980, pp. 513-522.

Comments

The primary reference for characteristic impedance is the Hammerstad and Jensen paper. The conductor losses are found using Wheeler's incremental inductance approach. Those results are then modified to account for surface roughness. Note that the equation for surface roughness given in Fooks and Zakarevicius contains a typographical error. The correct equation may be found in either the Hammerstad and Jensen paper or the Hammerstad and Bekkadal report.